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Pituitary Tumors

Pituitary tumors are growths that form in your pituitary gland, a small but important gland located at the base of your brain. Most pituitary tumors are benign (noncancerous), but they can still cause health problems.

Learning about pituitary tumor symptoms can help you decide when to get care. At Banner Health, we can help you manage these growths.

What is a pituitary tumor?

The pituitary gland is often called the “master gland” because it controls many of the body’s hormone-producing glands. A pituitary tumor develops when cells in the gland grow abnormally. 

These tumors are usually slow-growing and rarely spread to other parts of the body. But they can still cause symptoms by affecting your hormone levels or pressing on nearby structures. 

Because these growths can change your hormone levels, they can cause health issues. Some tumors cause the gland to produce extra hormones. Others press on the gland and stop it from making the amount of hormones you need. They can also press on nearby brain structures and cause neurological changes.

Pituitary tumor symptoms

Signs of a pituitary tumor can vary because these growths can affect different systems in your body. You might have a mix of hormone symptoms and nerve problems. Symptoms may include: 

  • Headaches
  • Vision problems, especially changes in your side vision
  • Feeling tired and low-energy
  • Irregular periods or fertility issues
  • Low sex drive
  • Unexpected milk production
  • Weight changes like losing or gaining weight without trying
  • With some types of tumors, growth changes in your hands, feet or facial features

Schedule an appointment with a Banner Health provider to discuss any symptoms you’re concerned about. 

Types of pituitary tumors

Pituitary tumors are grouped into different types based on their size and what they do. Your treatment path will depend on your tumor type:

  • Hormone-secreting tumors: Also called functional tumors, they make extra hormones that cause changes in your body.
  • Nonfunctioning tumors: These growths do not make any hormones. They cause symptoms when they press on nearby brain tissues.
  • Microadenomas: These smaller tumors measure less than one centimeter (less than a half inch) across
  • Macroadenomas: These larger tumors measure one centimeter or more across.

How pituitary tumors are diagnosed

A team of medical experts works together to find and diagnose a pituitary tumor. Different evaluations and tests check your brain and your hormone levels:

  • Specialist evaluation: Experts like neurologists, endocrinologists or eye doctors review your health.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging: An MRI scan can give a clear picture of the growth.
  • Hormone tests: Changes can show up in blood samples. In some cases, your doctor may order a urine sample as well.
  • Vision testing: Checking your eyes can show if the growth presses on your optic nerves.

Pituitary tumor treatment options

Your care team will work with you to create a plan that fits your needs. Treatment choices depend on the size of the growth, the type of tumor and your overall health. Common options include:

  • Monitoring: Using regular scans to watch low-risk tumors that do not cause symptoms over time
  • Medication: Using drugs to stop extra hormone output and shrink growths
  • Surgery: Removing growths, usually with a minimally invasive procedure performed through your nose
  • Radiation therapy: Using targeted energy beams to stop tumor growth or shrink tissue if surgery or medications aren’t fully effective
  • Ongoing hormone management: Taking long-term hormone therapy to keep your levels steady

Living with a pituitary tumor

A dedicated team of health care providers will support you and help you maintain your quality of life through diagnosis, treatment and in the long term. Your care plan will focus on:

  • Long-term follow-up: Regular checkups over time to watch for any changes
  • Hormone monitoring: Regular blood and urine tests to make sure your levels stay balanced
  • Symptom management: Working to reduce side effects like headaches or low energy
  • Care coordination: Your endocrinologist, neurosurgeon, eye specialist and other team members work together on your care

Specialty care for pituitary tumors

Pituitary tumors are often not cancerous but they can still affect your hormones, vision and daily life. Early diagnosis can help guide the right treatment and long-term follow-up to keep you feeling your best.

Are you concerned about symptoms of a pituitary tumor? Request an appointment with a Banner Health specialist who can figure out what’s causing your symptoms and help you get the treatment you need.

FAQs 

Are pituitary tumors cancerous? 

No. Most pituitary tumors are benign, which means they are not cancer. They usually stay near the gland, grow very slowly and do not spread to other parts of your body.

What are the first signs of a pituitary tumor? 

It depends on whether the growth makes extra hormones or presses on your brain. You might notice headaches, changes in your side vision, fatigue, irregular periods or weight changes.

Can a pituitary tumor affect vision?

Yes, a larger growth can press on your optic nerves and cause a gradual loss of your side vision on both sides.

Can pituitary tumors be treated with medication? 

Yes, some hormone-producing tumors respond to medical management. These medications can lower your hormone levels and shrink the tumor.

Do all pituitary tumors need surgery? 

No. Small or low-risk growths that do not cause symptoms can be safely monitored over time with regular scans. 

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