Mastitis is a condition that causes inflammation of breast tissue, most often during breastfeeding. It can lead to breast pain, swelling, redness and flu-like symptoms. In some cases, mastitis can develop into a breast infection if bacteria enter the breast.
While mastitis can be uncomfortable, it is common and usually treatable. Many breastfeeding parents recover quickly and can continue breastfeeding with proper care.
At Banner Health, our providers and lactation specialists help diagnose mastitis, treat symptoms and support your breastfeeding goals.
Mastitis, sometimes called lactation mastitis, is inflammation or swelling of breast tissue. It most often affects people who are breastfeeding but can occasionally occur in people who are not.
Mastitis commonly begins when milk builds up in the breast and does not drain completely. This buildup is known as milk stasis.
Trapped milk can cause inflammation and swelling, which may lead to blocked milk ducts. If bacteria enter the breast through cracked skin or milk ducts, an infection may develop.
In the United States, about 1 in 10 breastfeeding people experience mastitis.
Although mastitis can be painful, early treatment usually leads to quick recovery and prevents complications.
Symptoms often develop quickly and usually affect only one breast.
Common symptoms include:
Some people also notice that breastfeeding becomes more painful or that the affected area feels hot to the touch.
If you notice these symptoms, contact a health care provider for evaluation.
The most common cause of mastitis is a blocked or clogged milk duct.
When milk does not fully drain from the breast, it can collect and form a blockage. The trapped milk causes inflammation and swelling.
In some cases, bacteria can enter the breast through cracked nipples or milk ducts and lead to infection.
Common causes of mastitis include:
Even small changes in feeding schedules or positioning can sometimes contribute to blocked ducts.
Some factors may increase the risk of mastitis.
You may be more likely to develop mastitis if you:
Certain health conditions such as diabetes or autoimmune disorders may also increase risk.
Lifestyle factors like smoking, high stress and poor nutrition can contribute as well.
A health care provider can usually diagnose mastitis during a physical exam.
Your provider may:
In some cases, additional tests may be used, including:
Early diagnosis can help prevent complications and speed recovery.
Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, reducing inflammation and treating infection when necessary.
Your provider may recommend:
Continuing to breastfeed or pump helps empty the breast and clear blocked milk ducts. Starting feeds on the affected side may help improve milk drainage.
Apply a cold pack wrapped in a towel for about 15 minutes several times a day to reduce swelling and relieve discomfort.
Drink plenty of fluids and rest as much as possible to help your body recover.
Over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen may help relieve pain and reduce inflammation.
Wear loose clothing and a supportive bra that does not compress the breast.
If symptoms do not improve within 24 to 48 hours, your provider may prescribe antibiotics to treat a bacterial infection.
Most people start to feel better within 48 to 72 hours, and infections usually clear within 7 to 10 days.
Some remedies may worsen inflammation or delay healing.
To support recovery:
Gentle care and regular milk removal usually help mastitis improve faster.
If mastitis is not treated, it can sometimes lead to a breast abscess, which is a pocket of pus in the breast.
Treatment for an abscess may include:
Prompt treatment of mastitis usually prevents this complication.
While mastitis cannot always be prevented, healthy breastfeeding habits can reduce the risk.
Tips for prevention include:
Frequent feeding helps prevent milk from building up in the breast.
A good latch allows your baby to remove milk effectively. If you are having difficulty, a lactation consultant can help.
Different positions help drain milk from all areas of the breast.
Wear a comfortable bra and avoid sleeping on your stomach or carrying heavy bags against your chest.
Treat cracked or irritated nipples early and keep them clean and dry.
Staying hydrated, eating a balanced diet and getting enough rest helps support your immune system.
Contact a health care provider if:
Early care can prevent complications and help you recover more quickly.
If you are experiencing mastitis or having difficulty with breastfeeding, Banner Health providers and lactation specialists are here to help. We offer personalized care to treat mastitis and support a healthy breastfeeding experience.
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