Earwax Impaction

What is earwax and why is it important?

Earwax, also known as cerumen, is a natural substance produced by glands in the ear canal. It plays several protective roles, including:

• Trapping dust and debris to keep foreign particles from reaching the eardrum.
• Acting as a moisture barrier to maintain ear canal hydration and prevent dryness or itching.
• Killing microorganisms due to its slightly acidic properties, reducing the risk of ear infections.

In most cases, earwax gradually moves out of the ear on its own as we chew, speak and move our jaw. As it reaches the outer ear, it flakes off or can be wiped away gently with a cloth. Typically, this process keeps ears clean and prevents excessive buildup.

Why you should avoid self-removing earwax

While it may seem helpful, using objects like cotton swabs, hairpins or paper clips to remove earwax can actually push the wax deeper into the ear canal, causing a blockage or damaging the ear. Inserting objects into the ear also increases the risk of irritation or injury, which can lead to infection or other complications. For most people, allowing earwax to exit naturally is the safest approach.

When earwax buildup becomes a problem: earwax impaction

Impaction occurs when earwax accumulates excessively or hardens, making it difficult for the earwax to exit naturally. Symptoms of impacted earwax can include:

• Earache or discomfort
• Fullness or pressure in the ear
• Hearing loss or muffled sounds
• Itching or discharge from the ear canal
• Dizziness

If you notice any of these symptoms, it may be time to see a health care provider for safe earwax removal.

Safe removal methods for earwax impaction

When earwax becomes impacted, a medical professional can use several safe methods to clear the blockage:

1. Saline irrigation: A gentle salt-water flush to soften and rinse out earwax.
2. Microsuction or manual removal: Using an operating microscope or specialized instruments to directly remove earwax under professional guidance.
3. Ear drops: A health care provider may recommend over-the-counter ear drops or prescribe earwax-softening drops to help loosen the wax, making it easier to remove. 

At-home ear care tips

If you’ve had impacted earwax in the past, your provider may recommend a maintenance routine to prevent future build-up. This may include:

• Weekly saline irrigations using an ear syringe and warm, distilled water (avoid this if you have ear tubes or a perforated eardrum).
• Oil drops like mineral or baby oil, which can soften earwax for easier natural exit.
• Avoiding earbud or hearing aid overuse to allow earwax to exit naturally.

When to see a doctor

If you experience persistent discomfort, hearing loss, or signs of infection, such as pain, fever, or drainage, it’s essential to seek professional help. Only a health care provider can safely assess your symptoms and recommend an effective treatment to restore comfort and hearing.