Tonsillitis is a common infection that causes inflammation of the tonsils. It often presents with red, swollen tonsils, which may be covered in white, gray or yellow patches. Additional symptoms of tonsillitis include a sore throat, difficulty swallowing, fever, throat pain, tender or enlarged lymph nodes in the neck and extreme fatigue. Tonsillitis is most common in children but can affect adults as well.
Tonsillitis can be triggered by viral infections, such as the Epstein-Barr virus, or by bacterial infections, like group A streptococcus, which leads to bacterial tonsillitis commonly known as "strep throat." Because tonsillitis is contagious, it spreads through respiratory droplets from an infected person.
Symptoms and complications to watch for
Aside from sore throat and throat pain, symptoms of tonsillitis can sometimes lead to more serious issues if not treated. In severe cases, a bacterial infection of the tonsils can develop into a peritonsillar abscess, a painful condition that may require drainage. Recurrent strep infections can even lead to rheumatic fever, a serious inflammatory disease.
Most viral cases of tonsillitis resolve on their own with plenty of rest, fluids and supportive care. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can be effective at reducing throat pain and fever. Pain-relieving throat lozenges may also provide comfort. If symptoms are caused by a bacterial infection, such as strep throat, a doctor will likely prescribe antibiotics.
If tonsillitis becomes frequent or particularly severe, or if there are signs of a peritonsillar abscess or trouble breathing, it’s important to seek medical care. Your doctor may recommend an ear, nose and throat specialist to discuss the possibility of a tonsillectomy. Removing the tonsils may be necessary for cases of recurrent bacterial tonsillitis that do not respond well to other treatments.
To reduce the spread of tonsillitis, practice good hygiene, like washing hands frequently and avoiding close contact with those who are sick. If your child or a family member has a sore throat accompanied by fever or difficulty swallowing, consult a health care provider for guidance.
Using pain relievers, such as acetaminophen, can help alleviate throat pain and reduce fever. Over-the-counter pain relievers are essential for managing discomfort during recovery. Additionally, staying hydrated, using humidifiers and getting plenty of rest are key to supporting the healing process.
For more serious cases or recurring tonsillitis, consider discussing long-term solutions, like a tonsillectomy, with your health care provider. At Banner Health, our specialists are ready to provide the care and guidance needed to ensure your well-being.
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