Down Syndrome Care

Down syndrome is a genetic condition caused by an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21. This extra chromosome affects development and can lead to physical and learning differences. Every child with Down syndrome is unique with strengths and abilities to celebrate. 

Banner Children’s is here to support your child and your family with complete care, guidance and encouragement at every age and stage. 

What causes Down syndrome? 

The extra chromosome happens during early development. The exact reason is not known. Nothing a parent did or did not do before pregnancy causes Down syndrome. 

The chance of having a baby with Down syndrome increases with maternal age, especially for women age 35 and older. It can also occur when parents carry certain genetic changes known as translocations. 

If you have questions about your family history or planning for pregnancy, genetic counseling can help. 

Signs and characteristics of Down syndrome 

People with Down syndrome may share some physical features including: 

• Smaller head size 
• Flatter facial profile 
• Eyes that slant upward 
• Short neck 
• Tongue that may stick out 
• Small ears 
• Palm with a single crease 
• Shorter height 
• Low muscle tone 
• Flexible joints 

Infants usually grow at a slower pace and may reach developmental milestones later than peers. Cognitive or learning differences are common. Children may experience challenges with speech, memory and problem solving, but with the right support they can thrive. 

How Down syndrome is diagnosed 

Diagnosis can happen: 

Before birth 

• Prenatal screenings estimate the chance of Down syndrome 
• Diagnostic tests such as amniocentesis provide nearly 100 percent accuracy 

Talk with your doctor or a genetics counselor if you want to learn more about testing options. 

After birth 

Doctors look for physical characteristics and may confirm the diagnosis with a blood test. 

Treatment and support for Down syndrome 

There is no one treatment because each child’s needs are different. Early support services can improve learning, movement and communication. 

Care may include: 

• Physical therapy 
• Speech-language therapy 
• Occupational therapy 
• Educational support 
• Behavioral and emotional care 
• Assistive devices for mobility or communication 

Banner Children’s offers a team approach to care with specialists who understand Down syndrome and focus on helping your child grow and succeed. 

Risk factors 

You may have a higher chance of having a child with Down syndrome if: 

• You are age 35 or older during pregnancy 
• You or your partner carry a genetic translocation 
• You have had a previous child with Down syndrome 

Your doctor can discuss screening choices and how to support a healthy pregnancy. 

Living with Down syndrome 

Children with Down syndrome may have certain health concerns including: 

• Heart conditions 
• Gastrointestinal issues 
• Sleep apnea 
• Obesity 
• Immune disorders 
• Leukemia 
• Spine differences 
• Dementia later in life 

With routine checkups and timely care, many of these conditions can be treated or managed well. 

People with Down syndrome can learn, grow and participate fully in family, school, work and community life with the right supports in place. 

Support for your family 

Raising a child with Down syndrome comes with questions along the way. Banner Children’s provides information, guidance and referrals to help you understand your child’s needs and connect with the right care at the right time. We are here to answer your questions and support your family as you learn what comes next.