Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common and contagious viral illness that mostly affects babies and young children. 

While it is usually mild, it can cause painful mouth sores, a rash and several uncomfortable symptoms that can worry parents. 

At Banner Children’s, we’re here to help you understand what to expect, how to care for your child and when to seek medical care. 

What is hand, foot and mouth disease? 

Hand, foot and mouth disease is a viral infection most often caused by the coxsackievirus, a type of non-polio enterovirus. Other enteroviruses can also cause HFMD. 

It gets its name from its most common symptoms: 

• Painful sores in the mouth 
• A rash or blisters on the hands and feet 

The illness is usually mild and goes away on its own. 

Why is HFMD common in children? 

HFMD most often affects children younger than age 5 because: 

• Their immune systems are still developing 
• They have close contact with other children 
• They often share toys, cups and utensils 

Older children and adults can get HFMD too, especially if exposed to a different virus strain. 

If you are pregnant and think you were exposed, contact your health care provider. Complications are rare but possible. 

How does hand, foot and mouth disease spread? 

HFMD spreads easily through close contact with an infected person. 

Common ways it spreads include: 

• Direct contact: saliva, mucus, blister fluid or stool 
• Respiratory droplets: coughing and sneezing 
• Contaminated surfaces: toys, doorknobs and countertops 

The virus can live on surfaces for hours, making handwashing and cleaning important. 

What are the symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease? 

Symptoms usually appear 3 to 6 days after exposure. 

HFMD often starts with mild symptoms, followed by a rash. 

Early symptoms: 

• Fever 
• Sore throat 
• Loss of appetite 
• Upset stomach 

Common HFMD symptoms: 

• Mouth sores: painful blisters on the tongue, gums or inside of cheeks 
• Skin rash: blisters on the hands, feet, bottom or thighs 
• Irritability in babies and young children 

Other symptoms: 

• Drooling due to painful swallowing 
• Decreased fluid intake 

Later symptom: 

• Nail peeling weeks after infection (harmless and temporary) 

When should you call your child’s doctor? 

Most cases are mild, but you should contact your child’s provider if your child has: 

• Signs of dehydration (dry mouth, fewer wet diapers, not drinking fluids) 
• A high or persistent fever 
• Severe mouth pain that makes it hard to drink 
• Symptoms lasting more than 7 to 10 days 
• Unusual sleepiness or irritability 

Seek urgent care if your child has trouble breathing, seems very weak or is difficult to wake. 

How is HFMD diagnosed? 

Your child’s provider can usually diagnose HFMD with a physical exam. 

They will: 

• Look at the rash and mouth sores 
• Ask about symptoms and recent exposure 

Testing is rarely needed. 

How is hand, foot and mouth disease treated? 

There is no specific medication to cure HFMD. It usually clears up within 7 to 10 days. 

Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing dehydration. 

Ways to help your child feel better: 

• Offer plenty of fluids (water, popsicles, ice chips) 
• Serve soft, cool foods like yogurt, applesauce or soup 
• Avoid spicy, salty or acidic foods 
• Use children’s acetaminophen or ibuprofen (for children over 6 months) 
• Encourage rest 

Do not give aspirin to children. 

What are possible complications of HFMD? 

Complications are uncommon but can include: 

• Dehydration (most common concern) 
• Secondary skin infections 
• Viral meningitis (rare) 
• Viral encephalitis (very rare) 

How long is hand, foot and mouth disease contagious? 

HFMD is most contagious during the first week of illness. 

However, the virus can stay in the body for weeks, especially in stool. Good hygiene helps reduce spread. 

When can my child return to school or daycare? 

Most children can return when they: 

• No longer have a fever 
• Feel well enough to participate 
• Have dry or healing blisters 

Check with your child’s school or daycare, as policies may vary. 

Is hand, foot and mouth disease the same as foot-and-mouth disease? 

No. Foot-and-mouth disease affects farm animals and does not spread to humans. 

How can you prevent hand, foot and mouth disease? 

You can lower your child’s risk by: 

• Washing hands often with soap and water 
• Cleaning and disinfecting frequently touched surfaces 
• Avoiding sharing cups, utensils and personal items 
• Keeping your child home when sick 
• Avoiding close contact with infected individuals 

Care you can trust 

Most children recover from hand, foot and mouth disease at home with supportive care. 

At Banner Children’s, our pediatric specialists are here to support your family if symptoms become severe or you have concerns.  

Schedule a visit with a provider if you need guidance or care. 

Frequently asked questions 

How long does HFMD last? 

Most cases clear up within 7 to 10 days. 

Can adults get hand, foot and mouth disease? 

Yes. Adults can get HFMD, especially if exposed to a different virus strain. 

Can you get HFMD more than once? 

Yes. Different viruses can cause HFMD, so repeat infections are possible. 

What helps mouth pain from HFMD? 

Cool fluids, soft foods and pain relievers can help reduce discomfort.

Bottom line:

Hand, foot and mouth disease is common in young children and usually mild, but it can be uncomfortable. Knowing the symptoms and keeping your child hydrated can help them recover more comfortably. Contact your child’s provider if symptoms worsen or don’t improve.