Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition that causes red, itchy, scaly patches on the skin. It happens when the immune system becomes overactive and speeds up how quickly skin cells grow. 

For many people, psoriasis comes and goes in cycles, with periods of flare-ups and times when symptoms improve. 

While there is no cure, treatment can help control symptoms and improve your skin and quality of life. 

What is psoriasis? 

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition that affects the skin. 

Normally, skin cells grow and shed over about a month. With psoriasis, this process happens in just a few days, causing skin cells to build up on the surface. 

This leads to thick, scaly patches that may appear: 

• Red with silvery-white scales on lighter skin 
• Brown or purple with gray or brown scales on darker skin 

Psoriasis is not contagious. 

What are the symptoms of psoriasis? 

Symptoms can vary depending on the type and severity. 

Common psoriasis symptoms include: 

• Dry, raised, scaly skin patches (plaques) 
• Itching, burning or soreness 
• Cracked skin that may bleed 
• Thickened or pitted nails 
• Skin discoloration after healing 

Psoriasis often affects the: 

• Elbows 
• Knees 
• Scalp 
• Lower back 

Types of psoriasis 

Plaque psoriasis (most common) 

• Thick, scaly patches on the skin 
• Often found on elbows, knees and scalp 

Guttate psoriasis 

• Small, drop-shaped spots 
• Often appears after infections like strep throat 
• More common in children and young adults 

Inverse psoriasis 

• Smooth, shiny patches in skin folds 
• Found under breasts, in the groin or buttocks 

Pustular psoriasis 

• Pus-filled blisters 
• Can affect small areas or larger parts of the body 

Erythrodermic psoriasis (rare but serious) 

• Widespread redness, peeling and pain 
• May require urgent medical care 

Nail psoriasis 

• Pitting, discoloration or separation of nails 

What causes psoriasis? 

The exact cause isn’t fully understood, but it involves a combination of immune system activity and genetics. 

Risk factors include: 

• Family history of psoriasis 
• Smoking 
• Certain infections or illnesses 
• Stress 

Psoriasis can also be linked to other health conditions such as: 

• Heart disease 
• Diabetes 
• Obesity 
• Metabolic syndrome 

What triggers psoriasis flare-ups? 

Psoriasis symptoms can worsen due to specific triggers. 

Common triggers include: 

• Stress 
• Illness or infections (like strep throat) 
• Skin injuries (cuts, burns, sunburn) 
• Cold, dry weather 
• Certain medications 
• Smoking or alcohol use 
• Stopping steroid medications suddenly 

Identifying your triggers can help you reduce flare-ups. 

How is psoriasis diagnosed? 

A health care provider or dermatologist can diagnose psoriasis by: 

• Examining your skin 
• Reviewing your symptoms and medical history 
• Asking about family history 

In some cases, a skin biopsy may be used to confirm the diagnosis. 

How is psoriasis treated? 

Treatment depends on how severe your symptoms are. 

Topical treatments (mild to moderate psoriasis) 

• Corticosteroids 
• Vitamin D analogs 
• Retinoids 
• Salicylic acid 

Light therapy (moderate to severe) 

• UVB therapy 
• PUVA therapy 
• Excimer laser 

Systemic treatments (severe psoriasis) 

• Biologic medications 
• Oral medications such as methotrexate or cyclosporine 

Your provider may combine treatments for better results. 

How to care for your skin with psoriasis 

Daily skin care can help reduce symptoms and prevent flare-ups: 

• Use gentle, fragrance-free products 
• Moisturize regularly 
• Take warm (not hot) baths 
• Avoid harsh scrubbing 
• Use oils or bath treatments to lock in moisture 

How to manage psoriasis long term 

Lifestyle habits can make a big difference: 

• Manage stress with relaxation techniques 
• Maintain a healthy weight 
• Eat a balanced diet 
• Stay hydrated 
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol 
• Get regular exercise 

Psoriasis and related health conditions 

Psoriasis is linked to several other conditions, including: 

• Psoriatic arthritis (affects joints) 
• Heart disease 
• Diabetes 
• Depression and anxiety 

Managing psoriasis can also help reduce risks to your overall health. 

Emotional impact of psoriasis 

Psoriasis can affect more than your skin. It may impact confidence, relationships and mental health. 

Support from your care team, family and community can help you manage both the physical and emotional aspects of the condition. 

Care you can trust 

At Banner Health, our dermatology specialists provide personalized care to help manage psoriasis and reduce flare-ups. 

We work with you to create a treatment plan that fits your symptoms, lifestyle and long-term goals. 

Schedule an appointment to get expert care and take control of your psoriasis. 

Frequently asked questions about psoriasis 

Is psoriasis contagious? 

No. You cannot catch psoriasis from another person. 

Can psoriasis go away? 

Psoriasis is chronic, but symptoms can improve or go into remission with treatment. 

What makes psoriasis worse? 

Triggers like stress, illness, cold weather and certain medications can cause flare-ups. 

Can diet help psoriasis? 

A healthy diet may help reduce inflammation and support overall skin health. 

Bottom line 

Psoriasis is a long-term skin condition that can cause discomfort and affect daily life. With the right treatment, trigger management and skin care routine, many people successfully control symptoms and improve their quality of life.