When you think of Parkinson’s disease, it’s common to think about the movement problems it causes, like tremors or stiffness. But this condition affects the brain and nervous system, and signs of Parkinson’s disease can include changes in mood, sleep, digestion and memory. Over time, symptoms usually get worse, but the disease looks different for everyone.
For people with Parkinson’s disease and their loved ones, understanding how it may progress can help you plan ahead, get support and improve quality of life.
What is Parkinson’s disease?
“Parkinson’s is a neurological illness caused when nerve cells in the nervous system break down,” said David Shprecher, DO, a neurologist specializing in movement disorders with Banner Sun Health Research Institute.
Those nerve cells stop working properly or die. These cells help make dopamine, which is a chemical that plays a big role in movement. People who are developing Parkinson’s begin to notice changes in how they move or feel.
Common symptoms of Parkinson’s disease include:
- Shaking, called tremors, often in one hand
- Stiff muscles
- Trouble with balance or walking
- Changes in posture or facial expressions
There’s no cure yet but there are ways to manage symptoms and stay active.
What are early signs and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?
“Parkinson’s is not just a movement disorder,” said Dr. Shprecher. Many people have other symptoms that start years before they notice tremors. These can include:
- Constipation
- Loss of smell
- Trouble sleeping, especially acting out dreams in REM sleep — REM sleep behavior disorder is a strong risk factor for developing Parkinson’s and dementia later in life
Other common symptoms of Parkinson’s disease include:
- Drooling or dry mouth
- Low blood pressure when standing up
- Voice changes
- Depression and anxiety
- Hallucinations or memory changes
“The Michael J. Fox Foundation is supporting an international study designed to follow people with these possible early symptoms to learn more about how Parkinson’s starts and how to stop it,” Dr. Shprecher said.
It’s important to see a neurologist familiar with Parkinson’s disease if you notice any signs. A neurologist can track your symptoms, recommend medications and watch for side effects that may impact your quality of life.
“A symptom tracker listing which of the motor and non-motor symptoms you have and their impact on your everyday life can be helpful in preparing for visits with your neurologist. With a few important steps, people often can continue to live well despite their Parkinson’s for a long time,” Dr. Shprecher said.
“Because changes in and side effects of your other medications can affect your Parkinson’s symptoms, you should remind each member of your health care team to send a copy of your clinic note after every appointment,” Dr. Shprecher said.
How does Parkinson’s progress over time?
“Parkinson’s is a progressive disease, which means it gets worse over time. There’s not currently a cure,” Dr. Shprecher said. But not everyone has the same experience. Some people have mostly movement-related symptoms, while others may notice changes in mood, sleep or digestion first.
Research has helped health care providers better understand how Parkinson’s may start in different parts of the nervous system and affect people differently.
Providers often use tools like the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) or the Hoehn and Yahr scale to track how the disease is progressing and make changes in treatment.
What are the five stages of Parkinson’s disease?
These five stages are a general guide to how symptoms may change over time.
Stage 1: Early signs on one side of the body
- Mild symptoms, often barely noticeable
- Tremors or stiffness on one side of the body
- Subtle changes in posture, walking or facial expressions
- Most people can still do all regular activities
Stage 2: Symptoms appear on both sides
- Tremors, stiffness and motor symptoms (movement issues) affect both sides of the body
- Walking or posture changes are more noticeable
- Tasks may take longer but most people in this stage are independent
Stage 3: More balance problems and slowness
- Trouble with balance and more movement symptoms
- Increased risk of falls
- Tasks like dressing or eating may become harder but most people can still live on their own and have a good quality of life
Stage 4: Needing help with daily activities
- Movement becomes more limited
- May use a walker to get around
- Need help with daily tasks like bathing and dressing
- Living alone may no longer be safe
Stage 5: Advanced symptoms and full-time care
- May be unable to stand or walk without help
- May use a wheelchair or stay in bed most of the day
- Hallucinations or confusion can occur
- Need full-time care and support
How can you live well with Parkinson’s?
There are many ways you can stay active and engaged while you’re living with Parkinson’s:
- Stick to a regular schedule for your medications
- Exercise regularly to stay strong and improve your balance
- Eat a healthy diet with lots of fiber and fluids
- Work with your neurologist and physical, occupational and speech therapists
- Ask about treatments like deep brain stimulation if your symptoms become hard to manage
Support from loved ones, caregivers and your medical team can make a big difference. You don’t have to face Parkinson’s alone. Share your concerns about your health and your future with people you trust or with mental health care professionals.
Why choose Banner Health for Parkinson’s disease care?
At Banner Health, our neurology experts provide personalized care for people with Parkinson’s disease. Whether you’re in the early stage or you need advanced support, we’re here to help you manage your symptoms, stay independent and maintain your quality of life. Reach out to one of our experts today.
