Dry mouth is a common problem that can make your mouth feel sticky, uncomfortable or constantly thirsty. While it can happen occasionally, ongoing dry mouth, also called xerostomia, may be a sign of an underlying issue.
Understanding what causes dry mouth and how to treat it can help prevent discomfort and protect your oral health.
We spoke with Bruce Stewart, an ear, nose and throat specialist at Banner Health, about why dry mouth happens and what you can do about it.
What is dry mouth?
Dry mouth occurs when your body doesn’t produce enough saliva to keep your mouth moist.
Saliva plays an important role in your overall health.
“Among its many functions, saliva maintains gums and teeth, helping to prevent cavities and infections,” Stewart said.
What are the symptoms of dry mouth?
Common symptoms include:
- Sticky or dry feeling in the mouth
- Frequent thirst
- Trouble speaking, chewing or swallowing
- Dry or sore throat
- Hoarseness
- Bad breath
- Changes in taste
What causes dry mouth?
Dry mouth can have many causes, ranging from temporary to long-term.
Medications
Many medications list dry mouth as a side effect.
“Many medications such as antihistamines block the signals your body uses to produce saliva,” Stewart said.
Cancer treatment
Radiation therapy and chemotherapy can affect saliva production and consistency.
Lifestyle factors
- Dehydration
- Alcohol use
- Tobacco use
- Excess caffeine
“Smoking decreases saliva production, and alcohol and caffeine can worsen dehydration,” Stewart said.
Medical conditions
Dry mouth may be linked to:
- Diabetes
- Alzheimer’s disease
- HIV/AIDS
- Sleep apnea
- Sjögren’s syndrome
“Autoimmune diseases like Sjögren’s can damage salivary glands,” Stewart said.
How to treat dry mouth
Treatment depends on the cause.
Your provider may:
- Adjust medications
- Treat underlying conditions
- Prescribe medications to increase saliva
Home remedies for dry mouth
You can also try:
- Drinking water regularly
- Chewing sugar-free gum or candy
- Using a humidifier at night
- Avoiding alcohol, tobacco and caffeine
- Using saliva substitutes
When should you see a doctor?
Talk to a provider if:
- Dry mouth is persistent
- Symptoms interfere with daily life
- You have signs of dental problems
Frequently asked questions about dry mouth
What causes dry mouth at night?
Mouth breathing, dehydration and medications are common causes.
Is dry mouth serious?
It can lead to dental problems if untreated.
How do you fix dry mouth quickly?
Drinking water and stimulating saliva can help temporarily.
Can dry mouth go away on its own?
Yes, if it’s caused by temporary factors like dehydration.
The bottom line
Dry mouth is common and often manageable, but persistent symptoms may signal an underlying condition. Identifying the cause and treating it early can help protect your oral and overall health. If you are experiencing persistent dry mouth, visit with a Banner Health provider to discuss potential treatment options.
