Kratom is a plant-based product that’s gaining attention in the U.S., often marketed as a natural remedy for pain or opioid withdrawal. But despite these claims, experts warn that kratom carries serious risks.
We spoke with Bryan Kuhn, a pharmacist and poison education specialist with Banner Health, about what kratom is and why it may not be safe.
What is kratom?
Kratom comes from Mitragyna speciosa, a tree native to Southeast Asia. Its leaves contain active compounds, including mitragynine, that can produce stimulant and opioid-like effects.
“Kratom contains compounds that can act as both stimulants and sedatives,” Kuhn said.
It is often sold as powders, capsules, teas, gummies and other products.
What does kratom do?
Kratom’s effects depend on the dose:
- Low doses: May act as a stimulant, increasing energy and alertness
- Higher doses: May produce sedation, pain relief and euphoria
Because of these effects, some people use kratom for chronic pain or to manage opioid withdrawal.
Is kratom safe?
Most medical experts do not consider kratom safe.
It is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and products are not regulated for safety, purity or consistency.
Recent FDA actions have also raised concerns about concentrated compounds like 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-OH), which may increase the risk of addiction and overdose.
Is kratom addictive?
Yes, kratom has the potential for addiction.
It can cause dependence and withdrawal symptoms similar to opioids, including:
- Cravings
- Nausea and vomiting
- Muscle aches
“If you recognize the signs of kratom withdrawal, it’s important to work with a health care provider who specializes in addiction,” Kuhn said.
What are the risks of kratom?
Kratom use has been linked to several serious health risks.
Risk of overdose
Because kratom products are unregulated, their strength and ingredients can vary. This increases the risk of overdose and severe side effects.
Symptoms may include:
- Seizures
- Hallucinations
- Liver injury
- Rapid heart rate
- Confusion
Dangerous drug interactions
Kratom can interact with other medications and substances, increasing the risk of:
- Respiratory failure
- Liver damage
- Death
Contamination and unknown ingredients
Some kratom products may contain impurities or additional substances that increase risk.
Is kratom legal?
Kratom is legal in many U.S. states but banned in others.
Laws continue to change, and recent regulations have focused on limiting potent compounds like 7-OH in certain products.
Because it is not federally regulated, product quality and safety can vary widely.
Who should avoid kratom?
You should avoid kratom if you:
- Have a history of substance use disorder
- Take prescription medications
- Have liver or kidney disease
Before using kratom, it’s important to talk with a health care provider.
Frequently asked questions about kratom
Is kratom safe for pain relief?
It is not considered a safe or approved treatment for pain.
Can kratom help with opioid withdrawal?
Some people use it this way, but it can lead to dependence and is not a recommended treatment.
What are the side effects of kratom?
Side effects may include nausea, dizziness, confusion and serious complications.
Is kratom legal everywhere?
No, laws vary by state and country.
The bottom line
Kratom may be marketed as a natural solution for pain or addiction, but it carries significant risks, including addiction, overdose and dangerous drug interactions.
If you have questions about substance use or need help, contact your health care provider or the Banner Poison & Drug Information Center at 800-222-1222.
