Reye’s syndrome is a rare but serious condition that can affect children and teenagers, especially after a viral illness like the flu or chickenpox.
Although it’s uncommon today, it can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical care.
We spoke with Ruben Espinoza, MD, a pediatrician with Banner Children’s, about what parents should know.
What is Reye’s syndrome?
Reye’s syndrome is a condition that causes swelling in the brain and liver. It usually develops several days after a child appears to recover from a viral illness.
“Reye’s syndrome causes swelling in the liver and brain and often starts several days after an apparent recovery from a viral illness,” Espinoza said.
What causes Reye’s syndrome?
The exact cause is not fully understood, but it has been strongly linked to children taking aspirin while recovering from viral infections like:
- Influenza (flu)
- Chickenpox
Children with certain inherited metabolic disorders may also be at higher risk.
Why shouldn’t children take aspirin?
Giving aspirin to children or teenagers during or after a viral illness increases the risk of Reye’s syndrome.
Because of this risk, aspirin should only be used in children under a doctor’s guidance. Safer alternatives for fever and pain include acetaminophen or ibuprofen.
What are the symptoms of Reye’s syndrome?
Symptoms can develop quickly and worsen over time.
Watch for:
- Persistent vomiting
- Rapid breathing
- Extreme tiredness or lethargy
- Confusion or unusual behavior
- Weakness or paralysis
- Seizures
When should you seek medical care?
Reye’s syndrome is a medical emergency.
Seek care right away if your child has:
- Sudden changes in behavior
- Ongoing vomiting
- Confusion or difficulty staying awake
- Seizures
Early treatment can improve outcomes.
How can you prevent Reye’s syndrome?
There are several ways to reduce your child’s risk:
- Avoid giving aspirin unless directed by a doctor
- Check labels on medications (some contain aspirin)
- Keep your child up to date on flu and chickenpox vaccines
- Ensure newborns are screened for metabolic disorders
Products like Pepto-Bismol, Alka-Seltzer and some cold medicines may contain aspirin, so always read labels carefully.
How common is Reye’s syndrome?
Reye’s syndrome was more common in the past.
In 1982, hundreds of cases were reported each year in the U.S. Today, fewer than 20 cases are reported annually, largely due to increased awareness about avoiding aspirin in children.
How is Reye’s syndrome treated?
There is no single test to diagnose Reye’s syndrome, but doctors may use blood tests, imaging or other evaluations.
Treatment typically takes place in the hospital and may include:
- IV fluids
- Medications to reduce swelling
- Monitoring and supportive care
Frequently asked questions about Reye’s syndrome
What is Reye’s syndrome caused by?
It is linked to aspirin use in children recovering from viral illnesses.
Is Reye’s syndrome still a risk today?
Yes, but it is rare due to better awareness and prevention.
Can adults get Reye’s syndrome?
It is extremely rare in adults and mainly affects children and teens.
What should I give my child instead of aspirin?
Acetaminophen or ibuprofen are typically safer options.
The bottom line
Reye’s syndrome is rare but serious. Knowing the symptoms and avoiding aspirin in children, especially during illness, can help reduce the risk.
If you’re ever concerned about your child’s symptoms, seek medical care right away.
