Neurological disorders affect the brain, spinal cord and nerves, which control everything from movement and memory to breathing and digestion.
When something goes wrong in the nervous system, it can lead to symptoms that affect how your body functions. Recognizing these symptoms early can help you get the right diagnosis and treatment.
We spoke with Christina Chrisman, MD, a neurologist with Banner Health, about common neurological disorders and what to watch for.
What are neurological disorders?
Neurological disorders are conditions that affect the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord and nerves.
“Our nervous systems are responsible for many important functions in our bodies, such as memory, perception, movement and even breathing,” Chrisman said.
Common symptoms of neurological disorders
Symptoms can vary widely but may include:
Headaches or migraines
- Muscle weakness or twitching
- Numbness or tingling
- Memory loss or confusion
- Difficulty speaking or swallowing
- Changes in balance or coordination
- Seizures
Common neurological disorders to know
Headaches
Headaches are one of the most common neurological conditions.
While many are not serious, seek care if you experience:
- Sudden, severe headaches
- Headaches with fever, stiff neck or light sensitivity
- Frequent headaches requiring medication
Epilepsy and seizures
Epilepsy causes recurrent, unprovoked seizures due to abnormal brain activity.
“If you have two or more unprovoked seizures, it may indicate epilepsy,” Chrisman said.
Stroke (medical emergency)
A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is blocked.
Use B.E. F.A.S.T. to recognize symptoms:
- Balance problems
- Eyesight changes
- Face drooping
- Arm weakness
- Speech difficulty
- Time to call 911
ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
ALS affects nerve cells that control muscle movement.
Symptoms may include:
- Muscle weakness
- Twitching
- Difficulty speaking or swallowing
Alzheimer’s disease and dementia
These conditions affect memory, thinking and behavior.
Warning signs include:
- Getting lost
- Difficulty managing daily tasks
- Forgetting names of loved ones
Parkinson’s disease
A progressive disorder that affects movement.
Symptoms may include:
- Changes in posture or walking
- Tremors
- Facial expression changes
When should you seek medical care?
Seek immediate medical care if you have:
- Sudden weakness or numbness
- Trouble speaking or understanding speech
- Severe headache
- Vision loss
- Seizures
“If symptoms are sudden and severe, it’s important to act quickly,” Chrisman said.
Frequently asked questions about neurological disorders
What are early signs of neurological problems?
Headaches, numbness, weakness and memory changes can be early signs.
Are neurological disorders treatable?
Many can be managed with medication, therapy or lifestyle changes.
When should I see a neurologist?
If symptoms are persistent, worsening or unexplained.
What is the most serious neurological condition?
Stroke is one of the most urgent and life-threatening conditions.
The bottom line
Neurological disorders can affect many parts of the body and present in different ways. Knowing the symptoms and seeking care early can help improve outcomes and quality of life.
Find a Banner Health specialist near you.
